Psychology of Exercise & Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Psychology of Exercise & Health - Essay Example virtually 2 million cobblers lasts every year are attributable to physical inactivity and preliminary findings from a WHO study on risk factors suggest that sedentary lifestyle is one of the ten leading causes of death and disability in the world. Physical inactivity increases all causes mortality, doubles the risk of cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, and obesity. It also increases the risks of colon and breast cancer, high blood pressure, lipid disorders, osteoporosis, depression and anxiety. (World Health Organization 2002)The transtheoretical pretending (TTM) of demeanour change, developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s, is a model of intentional demeanour change which focuses on the decision making of the individual. Originally designed to describe changes in addictive behavior, the TTM has expand to accept the adoption of preventive health behaviours and the use of medical services (Burkholder & Evers, 2002).In the early 1990s, Marcus and new(prenominal)s utilise the TTM to exercise behaviour (Marcus, Selby et al., 1992). Since then, several researchers have used the TTM to develop exercise interventions. The TTM suggests that people do not change all at once, rather they move through a series of five stages toward behaviour change. There are three pre-action stages and two action stages, each defined by a temporary component related to the behaviour change. People in the first stage of pre-contemplation are not drill and have no intention to exercise. In contemplation, people intend to exercise in the distant future, rise sometime in the next 6 months.Preparation is the third stage where people intend to vex to exercise sometime in the next 30 days. The next stage, action, occurs when the person begins to exercise for at to the lowest degree 1 day to 6 months. In the stage of maintenance, the person has been exercising consistently for at least(prenominal) 6 months. The transtheoreti cal model proposes a set of constructs that are thought to influence endeavor through stages of change. These constructs include ego-efficacy, decisional balance, and the processes of change. Self-efficacy is the belief in ones capability to engage successfully in a specific behaviour. Decisional balance is the rating of the pros and cons of engaging in the target behaviour. The processes of change are the cognitive and behavioural strategies used for changing behaviour and moving through the five identified stages consciousness raising dramatic relief environmental re-evaluation self re-evaluation and social liberation.Decisional balance, an analysis of the pros and cons of the behaviour change, is believed to influence exercise behaviour. Based on the work of Janis and Mann (1977), perceived cost and benefits to oneself and significant others influence behaviour change. Pros tend to increase to action and level off, while cons decrease with movement to each subsequent stage. Mo st of the evidence for exercise indicates that the crossover occurs during the preparation stage, which is consistent with several other behaviours. Prochaska and DiClemente identified 10 basic processes or strategies people