Does the End Justify the Means? Essay

The end dependableify the performer is a philosophical maxim popularized by Niccolo Machiavelli during the renaissance era. This maxim is supposed to justify the actions of a leader or what Machiavelli calls the Prince, to do whatever is in his power in so utmost as the end/s justifies the means of attaining it. Machiavelli highlighted that the end that a Prince or a leader should focus on is the maintenance of his regime, authority or power. This theory is often mistaken as a standard principle usually by a few who rules a group of people, a community or a nation.They al focal points believe that what they be doing redounds to the benefit of the majority. This few will not accept that what they have done is evil even off if it produced strong results for many people. History will tell us that many events in the past have gained good comments from some individuals but different from the point of view of the majority. Take the case of Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombing by the Amer i target forces during the war to weaken the morale of the invading Nipponese forces in the Far East, which resulted to a life sentencetime tragic memory for thousands of Japanese victims (Walzer, 2004).If we atomic number 18 part of that era, perhaps we would simply say that it was the only way to cede the Japanese aggressors. For the Japanese and its allies, it was an evil act for the Americans to involve innocent Japanese civilians in the war. Leaping in the lead to the present era where people have become broad-minded and peace-oriented, many Americans have denounceed the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and a number of big organizations have initiated moves to restore Americas image to the world especially to the Japanese people.But there are also sectors including the legions who believe that the war would not have stop if the bombing was not done. Does the end justify the means in this case? Certainly not harmonise to Christine Smith in her article entitled, The End does not justify the Means, committing any acts of evil, regardless of any abandoned circumstances, is always considered wrong. This writer may be right in saying this except that she fails to manifest the learn definition of evil in her statement. When the national interest is at risk to preserve democracy, the military is effrontery a free-hand by the presidency to thwart rebellion.After a series of democratic process with uttermost tolerance and the rebels adhere to their hard-line principle of a coup detat, the military has the ultimate preference to use arms. On the side of the relatives and advocates of the aggressive movement this could be evil, but on the side of the government and those against undemocratic process of government take-over, this could be reasonable. Lets analyze another case, the downing of Korean Airlines Flight 007 in Russia way back 1983 which carried 269 passengers including the crew where most of the victims were Americans and Koreans.It was argu ed by Russia that the plane violated its airspace, with a hint that it was a spy plane, which led to its ultimate decision to shoot it down, while the U. S. quickly denounced the unrelenting act of Russia, justifying the cause of air space violation as an aeronautical miscalculation of the pilot. As far as the Russians are concerned, the end justified the means, but on the side of the Americans and Koreans, that was an act of terrorism. In this extra case, the element of ideology has to be refuted.While the brutal act was considered by the Russians as a way to suppress any threat to their ideology, they did it in any way possible even if the world would condemn it as an evil act. Russians believed that the tragic end has justified the means involving the interest of the Soviet Union. Given that it was an aeronautical error to violate airspace, Russia should have instructed the pilot of the ill-fated airplane to describe an emergency landing for investigating concerning the alle ged espionage instead of downing it, considering that it was a passenger aircraft and not a military one.Even assuming that it was a language barrier between pilots that could have been the cause of the immediate military response, still it can never be justified. On the part of the victims relatives, the incident was intentionally done and Russians must(prenominal) be stiff penalized. For a few who ruled the military, it was part of an exercise. For communist allies, it was the right thing to do, but for the rest of the world, it would be remembered as a massacre in the sky. Same is true for any kind of religion which has a great concern for human life the act was inspired by the devil.In cases of tortures, human rights abuses, military actions and capital punishments, the end may not justify the means. Even if the ultimate result is good for the majority or even to a nation, if the means was done in a vicious way, then, that could never be justified. But for soldiers who are en gaged in war, it is entirely a different philosophy. A soldier has to follow orders from his superiors to protect the sovereignty of a nation, thats his duty. When he goes to the jungle in search for the enemies, he carries with him a mandate from his superiors.But when he is out there to engage in combat, a different scenario occurs. He becomes primarily concerned about his own life and to return to his family alive, the mandate becomes secondary. Very few loss to be a hero and much lesser to be friendly with the enemies. A soldier is a military machine, thats how he was honed and oriented he has to kill the enemy before the enemy kills him. He has to execute a rapid action if his life is endangered. Thats the game of war, thats the game of fall out if he wants to survive.But if a soldier is engaged in killing innocent people just because he could not identify the enemy exactly, then, his action does not justify his motive. If he tortures an enemy or a group of people in search f or truth, it can be held unjust. If he is trigger-happy and baffling in mass execution because he fails to identify the enemies exactly, he must be condemned and be national to a court-martial. There can never be an excuse for killing people at an clamant without concrete evidence backed up by reliable logistics, and in so doing, his conscience must be directly involved.But how do we gauge and monitor his professionalism in the battlefield? A soldier is dispatched with a troop and a leader who keeps track of all his moves. There is a saying that fouled odor will always come out in the open, especially when the victims relatives free a complaint with corresponding evidence. Lets take a look at Teresa M. Hudocks article entitled, The End Does Not Justify The Means. She said that the best example of a conceivable perfectionist is one who does not use military force and violence in any given circumstances, even in self-defense, and he must be an advocate of human rights.This might be an ideal scenario. war or no war, when life is at stake magnanimity will be a airfield for legal arguments especially when self-defense is in question. No person will allow others to take his life without doing anything except for born-heroes. Therefore, justifying the end by the course of action taken depends on how people look at it and it varies on the standpoint of different sectors of the society. In essence, the end does not always justify the means.Nonetheless, there are extreme instances or supreme emergencies wherein the ends bring about the greater good which justifies the means of attaining it.ReferencesHudock, T. M. The End does not Jusifies the Means. Retrieved on January 26, 2009, from http//www. usc. edu/dept/LAS/ir/calis/pdfs/171w. PDF Machiavelli, N. (1515). The Prince. http//www. constitution. org/mac/prince00. htm Smith, C. (2008). The End does not Justify the Means. Retrieved on January 25, 2009, from http//www. nolanchart. Com/ article4573. html Walzer, M. (2004). Emergency Ethics. juvenile Haven and London. Yale University Press. P. 33-55

Corporate And Social Responsibility In Ship Management Case Study

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Health Care Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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Race and power in the US - Essay ExampleTule Lake I had to stop making your fathers supper. I have besides heard that name in my nightmares for the past thirty years. I get you children have always expect that during World War II I was in Europe with your father. I was not. My wartime experiences are a take of deep shame.To start with, all I have told you about your grandmother is true. My mother was born in Tokyo to poor parents. Upon marrying my father, they both dreamed of coming to America. My parents believed that if virtuoso(a) worked hard enough in America, one could achieve greatness. They both worked to save the money for the ocean voyage. Upon my mothers realization that she was pregnant, both my parents make a difficult choice. They had rescue enough money for one. My father decided to send my mother onwards to America. They wanted their child born on American soil. My mother arrived in 1924, a a couple of(prenominal) months forwards I was born. After we arrived i n San Francisco, my mother worked as a dishwasher to support both of us. get saved every spare penny to bring father to America, but by the time they had saved the money, the restrictions on immigration had tightened. My mother and father were still going through the red tape when lacquer bombed Pearl Harbor.The tensions in Japan had been rising before. I remember as a teenager, the headlines of Japan invade China. I was afraid for the father I had never met. Fathers letters started coming few and far between, then after Pearl Harbor stopped all together. Mother was frantic. Oddly enough, when the flyers avocation for Japanese Americans to relocate my mother and I were not too concerned. I do not know if my mother thought we would be returned to Japan or not. She did think we would be reunited with father upon the completion of the war, one way or another.We lived in an apartment away from our Japanese friends in an all white neighborhood. Our landlord pressured us out of

Marketing Communications Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Marketing Communications Plan - set about Example4). A securities industrying communication broadcast aims at building foodstuff awareness of a product or service. It also aims at coming up with the ways and means of reaching the market and impacting it as much as possible The product in this marketing communication plan is the iPhone and this plan has been designed using the SOSTT+4Ms structure (Blythe 2006, p. 53)IPhone is a brand of smartphones created and marketed by the Apple brand. It was introduced for the initial time in the market in 2007 and has undergone four transformations. Currently, the most advanced of the iPhones is the iPhone 4, which has greater capability than the first three generations of iPhones that were introduced into the market. The first two models of the iPhones have ceased being produced. IPhones were the first to add a compass and a front lining camera to their features. The first iPhone was made public in 2007 and it immediately received massive a pproval in the market with millions of sales being made in the months to come. A year later the iPhone 3G was introduced in the market again and in 2009 the iPhone 3GS was introduced. This modish model was much cheaper than the others, as Apple was making an attempt to discover a hold of a larger market than with the first two generations of iPhones. With the iPhone 4 being the latest model in the market, the iPhone 3GS is the cheapest model in the market (Apple Inc., 2011).Upon the introduction of the iPhones into the market, sales have shot done the roof. Millions of sales were made in the first few quarters of the existence of the iPhones in the market. By the stamp out of the financial year 2010, there were more than than 72 million units of iPhones sold all over the world. It is judge that 2011 will show a tremendous improvement in these figures thanks to the introduction of the iPhone 4 into the market. Currently, the iPhone holds more than 50% of the worlds profit in mo bile phone sales and has for a while

Increase in prices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Increase in prices - Essay Example besides inflation cannot always be termed as bad if seen in terms of higher(prenominal)(pre titulary) money incomes. The higher prices of everything would result in higher receipts for resource suppliers and hence a growth in their income levels. pompousness usu exclusivelyy results in the measuring of vivacious to decline because it now costs more(prenominal) to buy the aforesaid(prenominal) amount of goods and services. However there are some cases where the travel prices do not necessarily fee-tail declining living standards. Following are some of the factorsNominal Income If the economy is suffering from a period of rising prices and at the same time there is a commensu yard rise in the level of income, this would not lead to a decline in living standards. This is because the increase in prices is offset by the proportional increase in income, resulting in an unchanged con gistption pattern. This is assuming everything else is constant.Re al income This is the income that is adjusted for inflation. In cases where the nominal income is rising but the rate at which it is growing is less than the inflation rate, it would not lead to a boost in the standard of living. This is because the inflation will erode the purchasing power of money and muckle will be disbursement the extra income in the purchasing of the same amount of goods and services. ... Since almost all countries are plagued by inflation, people look at their real income to determine their purchasing power quite a than the nominal income.Tax structure In an economy where there is a favourable tax structure, the spending patterns are high. This is due to the fact that even though inflation is prevalent, people still have more of the disposable income left over after their regular purchases. The spending patterns have a multiplier result and in turn lead a general boom in the economy. The excess spending actor people are expecting more goods and services signalling to the producers to produce more. Since the level of production needs to be increased, producers would demand more promote and more production would thus lead to an increase in the national income of the country. To sum it up, tax breaks given to the people will not lead to a decline in the standard of living even in the presence of rising prices.Labour If the economy has more of the skilled labour as compared to the unskilled workforce and the labour productivity is high, this would also result in a higher standard of living. This is attributed to the fact that since the labour is skilled it would demand higher wages for each extra product it produces. Since the employers would want to retain the skilled labour, it would have to pay higher wages otherwise the labour would disclose jobs elsewhere. The higher wages would cause more spending and this would maintain or boost the standard of living even though the economy might be in the grips of inflation.Interest rate Th e level of take rates in an economy is an important factor in determining the spending patterns of the consumers. If the interest rate is low, then borrowing is